Waste waters from industry, agricultural production and cities are discharged in to water courses, causing water pollution. Pollutants include, for example, petroleum products, detergents, various sludge’s, toxic substances, but also silage, slurry and other organic substances, which often transmit the germs of infections and parasites. In watercourses, the quality of water is monitored and, in particular, the oxygen regime, the basic chemical composition and the content of special substances are determined. Standards are set for each of these indicators and the result is scale classification of the watercourse’s purity. Groundwater is polluted from overfertilized soil, oil accidents and the impact of polluted watercourses. Groundwater pollution is usually very long-term, lasting several decades to hundreds of years.

Soil, together with air and water, forms an inseparable system. Therefore, any air and water pollution also threatens soil as well. Acid rain acidifies the soil, thus changing its properties, leaching more calcium, magnesium, potassium, destroying soil organisms and making soil less aerated. Some metals (vanadium, arsenic, lead, cadmium) and pesticides accumulate in the soil from emissions and cause toxicity. The threat to the soil are also oil pipelines, as the content can leak in to the soil during accidents. Overfertilization can occur when soil is enriched with industrial fertilisers. Industrial fertilizers alone cannot maintain soil fertility and their very large doses cause salinization

Air pollutants have a negative impact on the human, plant and animal health. They cause a variety of diseases, as well as the death of organisms leading to a loss of natural biodiversity. Air pollution in agriculture is reflected in reduced livestock production, in industry it contributes significantly in accelerating corrosion, disintegration of building materials, damage to paints and so on.

The change in natural conditions in a certain area causes a change in the fauna and flora. If we compare the original representation of plants and animals before and after the negative impact of human activity on the area, we can observe a change in the representation of species. The restoration of water, soil and air to its original state can thus restore the original occurrence of flora and fauna that are characteristic to the zone.